Aeon, B., Faber, A., & Panaccio, A. (2021). Does time management work? A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 16(1), e0245066. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245066Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oaCreswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., & Fries, S. (2013). Exploring reasons and consequences of academic procrastination: An interview study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(3), 841–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0143-4Grunschel, C., Schwinger, M., Steinmayr, R., & Fries, S. (2018). “I’ll stop procrastinating now!” Fostering specific processes of self-regulated learning to reduce academic procrastination. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 46(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2016.1198166Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2022). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523Howell, A. J., & Watson, D. C. (2007). Procrastination: Associations with achievement goal orientation and learning strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.017Klingsieck, K. B. (2013). Procrastination: When good things don’t come to those who wait. European Psychologist, 18(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000138Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705Macan, T. H. (1994). Time management: Test of a process model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(3), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.381Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847Patrzek, J., Sattler, S., van Veen, F., Grunschel, C., & Fries, S. (2015). Investigating the effect of academic procrastination on the frequency and variety of academic misconduct: A panel study. Studies in Higher Education, 40(6), 1014–1029. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.854765Pintrich, P. R. (2000). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451–502). Academic Press.Salguero-Pazos, M. R., Reyes-de-Cózar, S., & García-Salguero, B. I. (2023). Interventions to reduce academic procrastination: A systematic review. International Journal of Educational Research, 121, 102228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102228Sirois, F. M., & Pychyl, T. A. (2013). Procrastination and the priority of short-term mood regulation: Consequences for future self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12011Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997). Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8(6), 454–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.xWolters, C. A. (2003). Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.179Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). Academic Press.

نویسندگان

  • سارا هاشمی نیا گروه سنجش و اندازه‌گیری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران نویسنده
  • علی اکبر کریمی راد گروه سنجش و اندازه‌گیری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
  • ندا ابراهیمی گروه سنجش و اندازه‌گیری، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران نویسنده

کلمات کلیدی:

هوش هیجانی معلمان, امنیت روانی کلاس, روابط بین‌فردی دانش‌آموزان, همدلی آموزشی, تحلیل مضمون, مدارس تهران

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین نقش هوش هیجانی معلمان در ارتقای امنیت روانی کلاس و بهبود روابط بین‌فردی دانش‌آموزان بر اساس تجربه زیسته معلمان، دانش‌آموزان و مشاوران مدارس شهر تهران بود. این پژوهش با رویکرد کیفی و روش تحلیل مضمون انجام شد. جامعه پژوهش شامل معلمان، دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه و مشاوران مدارس شهر تهران بود. مشارکت‌کنندگان با روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و با رعایت اصل تنوع در جنسیت، سابقه آموزشی، پایه تحصیلی و نوع مدرسه انتخاب شدند. گردآوری داده‌ها از طریق مصاحبه‌های نیمه‌ساختاریافته انجام گرفت و فرایند مصاحبه تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری ادامه یافت. در مجموع، 24 نفر شامل 12 معلم، 8 دانش‌آموز و 4 مشاور مدرسه در پژوهش شرکت کردند. داده‌ها پس از پیاده‌سازی کامل، با استفاده از نرم‌افزار NVivo و بر اساس مراحل کدگذاری باز، محوری و انتخابی تحلیل شدند. برای افزایش اعتبار یافته‌ها از بازبینی مشارکت‌کنندگان، بررسی همتای پژوهشی، درگیری طولانی‌مدت با داده‌ها و ثبت مسیر تحلیل استفاده شد. تحلیل مصاحبه‌ها به استخراج پنج مقوله اصلی منجر شد: «ادراک و تنظیم هیجان‌های معلم در موقعیت‌های کلاسی»، «ایجاد فضای امن برای بیان نظر و خطا»، «همدلی آموزشی و پاسخ‌دهی عادلانه»، «مدیریت تعارض و ترمیم روابط بین‌فردی» و «الگوسازی مهارت‌های اجتماعی‌ـهیجانی برای دانش‌آموزان». یافته‌ها نشان داد که معلمان دارای هوش هیجانی بالاتر، در مواجهه با خطا، تنش، سکوت، پرخاشگری یا طرد همسالان، واکنش‌های سنجیده‌تر، آرام‌تر و حمایتگرانه‌تری نشان می‌دهند و همین امر موجب افزایش اعتماد، مشارکت، احساس احترام، کاهش ترس از قضاوت و بهبود کیفیت تعاملات دانش‌آموزان می‌شود. نتایج پژوهش نشان داد هوش هیجانی معلمان صرفاً یک ویژگی فردی نیست، بلکه نوعی ظرفیت حرفه‌ای برای مدیریت اقلیم عاطفی کلاس، تقویت امنیت روانی، کاهش تعارض‌های ارتباطی و پرورش روابط سالم میان دانش‌آموزان است. بر این اساس، پیشنهاد می‌شود آموزش هوش هیجانی، خودتنظیمی، همدلی آموزشی و گفت‌وگوی ترمیمی در برنامه‌های توانمندسازی معلمان و سیاست‌های سلامت روان مدرسه‌ای گنجانده شود.

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هاشمی نیا س., کریمی راد ع. ا., & ابراهیمی ن. (1404). Aeon, B., Faber, A., & Panaccio, A. (2021). Does time management work? A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 16(1), e0245066. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245066Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oaCreswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01Gross, J. J. (1998). The emerging field of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 271–299. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.271Gross, J. J. (2015). Emotion regulation: Current status and future prospects. Psychological Inquiry, 26(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2014.940781Grunschel, C., Patrzek, J., & Fries, S. (2013). Exploring reasons and consequences of academic procrastination: An interview study. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 28(3), 841–861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-012-0143-4Grunschel, C., Schwinger, M., Steinmayr, R., & Fries, S. (2018). “I’ll stop procrastinating now!” Fostering specific processes of self-regulated learning to reduce academic procrastination. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 46(2), 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2016.1198166Hennink, M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2022). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523Howell, A. J., & Watson, D. C. (2007). Procrastination: Associations with achievement goal orientation and learning strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.017Klingsieck, K. B. (2013). Procrastination: When good things don’t come to those who wait. European Psychologist, 18(1), 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000138Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57(9), 705–717. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.57.9.705Macan, T. H. (1994). Time management: Test of a process model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(3), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.79.3.381Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic analysis: Striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847Patrzek, J., Sattler, S., van Veen, F., Grunschel, C., & Fries, S. (2015). Investigating the effect of academic procrastination on the frequency and variety of academic misconduct: A panel study. Studies in Higher Education, 40(6), 1014–1029. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2013.854765Pintrich, P. R. (2000). The role of goal orientation in self-regulated learning. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 451–502). Academic Press.Salguero-Pazos, M. R., Reyes-de-Cózar, S., & García-Salguero, B. I. (2023). Interventions to reduce academic procrastination: A systematic review. International Journal of Educational Research, 121, 102228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2023.102228Sirois, F. M., & Pychyl, T. A. (2013). Procrastination and the priority of short-term mood regulation: Consequences for future self. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12011Steel, P. (2007). The nature of procrastination: A meta-analytic and theoretical review of quintessential self-regulatory failure. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 65–94. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.65Tice, D. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997). Longitudinal study of procrastination, performance, stress, and health: The costs and benefits of dawdling. Psychological Science, 8(6), 454–458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.xWolters, C. A. (2003). Understanding procrastination from a self-regulated learning perspective. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95(1), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.1.179Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13–39). Academic Press. روان‌شناسی، آموزش و توسعه انسانی در مدارس, 1(4), 71-84. https://jehds.com/index.php/jehds/article/view/25